Focus on Fixed Income

Risk Considerations

All investing involves risk, including loss of principal.

Capital is at risk.

Investments in fixed income securities are subject to the risks associated with debt securities generally, including credit, liquidity, interest rate, prepayment and extension risk. Bond prices fluctuate inversely to changes in interest rates. Therefore, a general rise in interest rates can result in the decline in the bond’s price. The value of securities with variable and floating interest rates are generally less sensitive to interest rate changes than securities with fixed interest rates. Variable and floating rate securities may decline in value if interest rates do not move as expected. Conversely, variable and floating rate securities will not generally rise in value if market interest rates decline. Credit risk is the risk that an issuer will default on payments of interest and principal. Credit risk is higher when investing in high yield bonds, also known as junk bonds. Prepayment risk is the risk that the issuer of a security may pay off principal more quickly than originally anticipated. Extension risk is the risk that the issuer of a security may pay off principal more slowly than originally anticipated. All fixed income investments may be worth less than their original cost upon redemption or maturity. High-yield, lower-rated securities involve greater price volatility and present greater credit risks than higher-rated fixed income securities.

Alternative investments are suitable only for sophisticated investors for whom such investments do not constitute a complete investment program and who fully understand and are willing to assume the risks involved in Alternative Investments. Alternative Investments by their nature, involve a substantial degree of risk, including the risk of total loss of an investor’s capital. 

Private equity investments are speculative, highly illiquid, involve a high degree of risk, have high fees and expenses that could reduce returns, and subject to the possibility of partial or total loss of fund capital; they are, therefore, intended for experienced and sophisticated long-term investors who can accept such risks.

Alternative Investments often engage in leverage and other investment practices that are extremely speculative and involve a high degree of risk. Such practices may increase the volatility of performance and the risk of investment loss, including the loss of the entire amount that is invested. There may be conflicts of interest relating to the Alternative Investment and its service providers, including Goldman Sachs and its affiliates. Similarly, interests in an Alternative Investment are highly illiquid and generally are not transferable without the consent of the sponsor, and applicable securities and tax laws will limit transfers.

Investors should also consider some of the potential risks of alternative investments:

·  Alternative Strategies. Alternative strategies often engage in leverage and other investment practices that are speculative and involve a high degree of risk. Such practices may increase the volatility of performance and the risk of investment loss, including the entire amount that is invested.

·  Manager experience. Manager risk includes those that exist within a manager’s organization, investment process or supporting systems and infrastructure. There is also a potential for fund-level risks that arise from the way in which a manager constructs and manages the fund.

·  Leverage. Leverage increases a fund’s sensitivity to market movements. Funds that use leverage can be expected to be more “volatile” than other funds that do not use leverage. This means if the investments a fund buys decrease in market value, the value of the fund’s shares will decrease by even more.

·  Counter-party risk. Alternative strategies often make significant use of over- the- counter (OTC) derivatives and therefore are subject to the risk that counter-parties will not perform their obligations under such contracts. 

· Liquidity risk. Alternatives strategies may make investments that are illiquid or that may become less liquid in response to market developments. At times, a fund may be unable to sell certain of its illiquid investments without a substantial drop in price, if at all. 

·  Valuation risk. There is risk that the values used by alternative strategies to price investments may be different from those used by other investors to price the same investments. 

Alternative Investments - Hedge funds and other private investment funds (collectively, “Alternative Investments”) are subject to less regulation than other types of pooled investment vehicles such as mutual funds. Alternative Investments may impose significant fees, including incentive fees that are based upon a percentage of the realized and unrealized gains and an individual’s net returns may differ significantly from actual returns. Such fees may offset all or a significant portion of such Alternative Investment’s trading profits. Alternative Investments are not required to provide periodic pricing or valuation information. Investors may have limited rights with respect to their investments, including limited voting rights and participation in the management of such Alternative Investments.

The above is not an exhaustive list of potential risks. There may be additional risks that are not currently foreseen or considered.

Conflicts of Interest 

There may be conflicts of interest relating to the Alternative Investment and its service providers, including Goldman Sachs and its affiliates. These activities and interests include potential multiple advisory, transactional and other interests in securities and instruments that may be purchased or sold by the Alternative Investment. These are considerations of which investors should be aware and additional information relating to these conflicts is set forth in the offering materials for the Alternative Investment.

General Disclosures

Diversification does not protect an investor from market risk and does not ensure a profit.

Prospective investors should inform themselves as to any applicable legal requirements and taxation and exchange control regulations in the countries of their citizenship, residence or domicile which might be relevant.

Views and opinions expressed are for informational purposes only and do not constitute a recommendation by Goldman Sachs Asset Management to buy, sell, or hold any security, they should not be construed as investment advice.

This material is provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as investment advice or an offer or solicitation to buy or sell securities. This material is not intended to be used as a general guide to investing, or as a source of any specific investment recommendations, and makes no implied or express recommendations concerning the manner in which any client’s account should or would be handled, as appropriate investment strategies depend upon the client’s investment objectives.

Assets Under Supervision (AUS) includes assets under management and other client assets for which Goldman Sachs does not have full discretion.

Past performance does not guarantee future results, which may vary. The value of investments and the income derived from investments will fluctuate and can go down as well as up. A loss of principal may occur.

THIS MATERIAL DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER OR SOLICITATION IN ANY JURISDICTION WHERE OR TO ANY PERSON TO WHOM IT WOULD BE UNAUTHORIZED OR UNLAWFUL TO DO SO.

Prospective investors should inform themselves as to any applicable legal requirements and taxation and exchange control regulations in the countries of their citizenship, residence or domicile which might be relevant.

Examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not actual results. If any assumptions used do not prove to be true, results may vary substantially.

There is no guarantee that objectives will be met.

Economic and market forecasts presented herein reflect a series of assumptions and judgments as of the date of this presentation and are subject to change without notice. These forecasts do not take into account the specific investment objectives, restrictions, tax and financial situation or other needs of any specific client. Actual data will vary and may not be reflected here. These forecasts are subject to high levels of uncertainty that may affect actual performance. Accordingly, these forecasts should be viewed as merely representative of a broad range of possible outcomes. These forecasts are estimated, based on assumptions, and are subject to significant revision and may change materially as economic and market conditions change. Goldman Sachs has no obligation to provide updates or changes to these forecasts. Case studies and examples are for illustrative purposes only.

This information discusses general market activity, industry or sector trends, or other broad-based economic, market or political conditions and should not be construed as research or investment advice. This material has been prepared by Goldman Sachs Asset Management and is not financial research nor a product of Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research (GIR).  It was not prepared in compliance with applicable provisions of law designed to promote the independence of financial analysis and is not subject to a prohibition on trading following the distribution of financial research. The views and opinions expressed may differ from those of Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research or other departments or divisions of Goldman Sachs and its affiliates.  Investors are urged to consult with their financial advisors before buying or selling any securities. This information may not be current and Goldman Sachs Asset Management has no obligation to provide any updates or changes.

This is a marketing communication published by Goldman Sachs Asset Management B.V. (“GSAM B.V.”) and intended for MiFID professional investors only. Please refer to the fund documentation before making any final investment decisions. The prospectus, the Key Information Document (KID) or UK Key Investor Information Document (KIID) (as applicable), information on sustainability-related aspects of the fund (such as the SFDR classification), and other legally required documents relating to the fund (containing information about the fund, the costs and the risks involved) are available on am.gs.com/documents in the relevant languages of the countries where the fund is registered or notified for marketing purposes. Information about investor rights and collective redress mechanisms are available on am.gs.com/policies-and-governance.

Please note that for the purposes of the European Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (“SFDR”), the product is an Article 8 product that promotes environmental and social characteristics. Please note that this material includes certain information on Goldman Sachs’s sustainability practices and track record, at an organizational and investment team level, which may not necessarily be reflected in the portfolio. Please refer to the offering documents of any product(s) prior to investment, for details on how and the extent to which the product(s) takes ESG considerations into account on a binding or non-binding basis.

Regulated by the Dutch Authority for the Financial Markets (Autoriteit Financiële Markten, Vijzelgracht 50, 1017 HS Amsterdam, The Netherlands) as an alternative investment fund manager (“AIFM”) as well as a manager of undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities (“UCITS”). Under its licence as an AIFM, the Manager is authorized to provide the investment services of (i) reception and transmission of orders in financial instruments; (ii) portfolio management; and (iii) investment advice. Under its licence as a manager of UCITS, the Manager is authorized to provide the investment services of (ii) portfolio management; and (ii) investment advice. Information about investor rights and collective redress mechanisms are available on am.gs.com/policies-and-governance (section Policies & Governance). Capital is at risk. Any claims arising out of or in connection with the terms and conditions of this disclaimer are governed by Dutch law. In Denmark and Sweden this material is a financial promotion disseminated by Goldman Sachs Bank Europe SE, including through its authorised branches ("GSBE"). GSBE is a credit institution incorporated in Germany and, within the Single Supervisory Mechanism established between those Member States of the European Union whose official currency is the Euro, subject to direct prudential supervision by the European Central Bank and in other respects supervised by German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufischt, BaFin) and Deutsche Bundesbank.

In the European Union, this material has been approved by Goldman Sachs Asset Management Fund Services Limited, which is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland.

In the United Kingdom, this material is a financial promotion and has been approved by Goldman Sachs International, which is authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority.

This marketing communication is disseminated by Goldman Sachs Asset Management B.V., including through its branches (“GSAM BV”). GSAM BV is authorised and regulated by the Dutch Authority for the Financial Markets (Autoriteit Financiële Markten, Vijzelgracht 50, 1017 HS Amsterdam, The Netherlands) as an alternative investment fund manager (“AIFM”) as well as a manager of undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities (“UCITS”). Under its licence as an AIFM, the Manager is authorized to provide the investment services of   reception and transmission of orders in financial instruments; (ii) portfolio management; and (iii) investment advice. Under its licence as a manager of UCITS, the Manager is authorized to provide the investment services of   portfolio management; and (ii) investment advice. Information about investor rights and collective redress mechanisms are available on am.gs.com/policies-and-governance. Capital is at risk. Any claims arising out of or in connection with the terms and conditions of this disclaimer are governed by Dutch law.

This is marketing material for financial instruments.

This document is provided to you by Goldman Sachs Bank AG, Zürich. Any future contractual relationships will be entered into with affiliates of Goldman Sachs Bank AG, which are domiciled outside of Switzerland. We would like to remind you that foreign (Non-Swiss) legal and regulatory systems may not provide the same level of protection in relation to client confidentiality and data protection as offered to you by Swiss law.

Documents providing further detailed information about the fund/s, including the articles of incorporation, prospectus, supplement and the Key Information Document (KID) or UK Key Investor Information Document (KIID) (as applicable), annual/semi-annual report (as applicable), and a summary of your investor rights, are available free of charge in English language and as required, in your local language by navigating to your local language landing page via am.gs.com/documents and also from the fund’s paying and information agents. If GSAM B.V., the management company, decides to terminate its arrangement for marketing the fund/s in any EEA country where it is registered for sale, it will do so in accordance with the relevant UCITS rules. Information about investor rights and collective redress mechanisms are available on am.gs.com/policies-and-governance.

Messaggio pubblicitario con finalità promozionali. Prima dell'adesione leggere il KID, che il proponente l’investimento deve consegnare prima della sottoscrizione, e il Prospetto disponibile sul sito Internet: https://assetmanagement.gs.com/content/gsam/ita/it/advisors/homepage.html e presso gli intermediari collocatori.

FOR PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY (WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE MIFID DIRECTIVE)- NOT FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION. THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION PURPOSES ONLY IN ORDER TO ENABLE THE RECIPIENT TO ASSESS THE FINANCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONCERNED FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT(S) AS PROVIDED FOR IN ARTICLE L. 533-13-1, I, 2° OF THE FRENCH MONETARY AND FINANCIAL CODE AND DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AND MAY NOT BE USED AS MARKETING MATERIAL FOR INVESTORS OR POTENTIAL INVESTORS IN FRANCE.

This material is distributed by Goldman Sachs Asset Management Australia Pty Ltd ABN 41 006 099 681, AFSL 228948 (‘GSAMA’) and is intended for viewing only by wholesale clients for the purposes of section 761G of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). This document may not be distributed to retail clients in Australia (as that term is defined in the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth)) or to the general public. This document may not be reproduced or distributed to any person without the prior consent of GSAMA.

To the extent that this document contains any statement which may be considered to be financial product advice in Australia under the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth), that advice is intended to be given to the intended recipient of this document only, being a wholesale client for the purposes of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth).

Any advice provided in this document is provided by either of the following entities. They are exempt from the requirement to hold an Australian financial services licence under the Corporations Act of Australia and therefore do not hold any Australian Financial Services Licences, and are regulated under their respective laws applicable to their jurisdictions, which differ from Australian laws. Any financial services given to any person by these entities by distributing this document in Australia are provided to such persons pursuant to the respective ASIC Class Orders and ASIC Instrument mentioned below.

* Goldman Sachs Asset Management, LP (GSAMLP), Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (GSCo), pursuant ASIC Class Order 03/1100; regulated by the US Securities and Exchange Commission under US laws.

* Goldman Sachs Asset Management International (GSAMI), Goldman Sachs International (GSI), pursuant to ASIC Class Order 03/1099; regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority; GSI is also authorized by the Prudential Regulation Authority, and both entities are under UK laws.

* Goldman Sachs Asset Management (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. (GSAMS), pursuant to ASIC Class Order 03/1102; regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore under Singaporean laws

* Goldman Sachs Asset Management (Hong Kong) Limited (GSAMHK), pursuant to ASIC Class Order 03/1103 and Goldman Sachs (Asia) LLC (GSALLC), pursuant to ASIC Instrument 04/0250; regulated by the Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong under Hong Kong laws

No offer to acquire any interest in a fund or a financial product is being made to you in this document. If the interests or financial products do become available in the future, the offer may be arranged by GSAMA in accordance with section 911A(2)(b) of the Corporations Act. GSAMA holds Australian Financial Services Licence No. 228948. Any offer will only be made in circumstances where disclosure is not required under Part 6D.2 of the Corporations Act or a product disclosure statement is not required to be given under Part 7.9 of the Corporations Act (as relevant).

FOR DISTRIBUTION ONLY TO FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL SERVICES LICENSEES AND THEIR ADVISERS. NOT FOR VIEWING BY RETAIL CLIENTS OR MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL PUBLIC.

This is marketing material for financial instruments.

For client use only – Not for onward distribution.

This document is provided to you by Goldman Sachs Asset Management Schweiz Gmbh. Any future contractual relationships will be entered into with affiliates of Goldman Sachs Asset Management Schweiz Gmbh, which are domiciled outside of Switzerland. We would like to remind you that foreign (Non-Swiss) legal and regulatory systems may not provide the same level of protection in relation to client confidentiality and data protection as offered to you by Swiss law.

The offering of units in Switzerland will be made to, and directed at, investors referred as institutional clients and professional clients as defined in Article 4 paragraphs 3–5 and Article 5 paragraph 6 of Financial Services Act (the “Investors”). This document and/or any other offering materials relating to the units may be made available in Switzerland solely to Investors.

The Fund has not been authorised (or recognised) and does not intend to seek authorisation (or recognition) with the FSC, and the FSC expresses no opinion as to the matters contained in this [private placement memorandum] and as to the merits on an investment in the Fund. There is no statutory compensation scheme in Mauritius in the event of the Fund’s failure. This [private placement memorandum/prospectus] does not constitute an offer of securities to the public in Mauritius.

The information in this material is made available to you at your specific unsolicited request and is not an offer, solicitation or invitation. Neither the information in this material nor the interests that it describes, has been registered with or, approved or disapproved by the Nigerian Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, the interests may not be offered or sold directly or indirectly to the public in the Federal Republic of Nigeria and neither this information nor any offering material may be circulated or distributed to the public or sent on to any other person in Nigeria.

We make no representation, express, implied or otherwise as to the fact that we are licensed to provide investment advice under the Capital Markets Authority Act Cap 84, laws of Uganda or the Financial Institutions Act No. 2 of 2004, laws of Uganda, and shall not bear any liability or responsibility in the event that you choose to rely on this information or advice with regard to any of your dealings in Uganda.

This document and any of its supplements(s) are not intended to be and do not constitute a solicitation for investments from members of the public in terms of the collective investment schemes control Act, 2002 (as amended) ("CISCA") and does not constitute an offer to the public as contemplated in section 99 of the Companies Act, 2008 (as amended). The fund has not been approved as a foreign Collective Investment Scheme under section 65 of CISCA. The addressee acknowledges that it has received this document and any of its supplement(s) as a private business venture between the addressee and the offeror and that this document and any of its supplement(s) have not been registered with any South African regulatory body or authority. A potential investor will be capable of investing in the fund only upon conclusion of the appropriate investment agreements and provided the relevant investor complies with any applicable exchange control requirements. This document and any attachments thereto constitute factual, objective information about the fund and nothing contained herein should be construed as constituting any form of investment advice or recommendation, guidance or proposal of a financial nature in respect of the fund or any transaction in relation thereto. The fund is not a financial service provider in South Africa and nothing in this document should be construed as constituting the canvassing for, or marketing or advertising of financial services by the fund in South Africa.