Municipal Fixed Income Monthly

Glossary

Bps/basis point is 1/100th of a percent

Municipal/Treasury ratio is a comparison of the current yield of Municipal bond to US treasuries. It aims to measure whether or not Municipal bonds are an attractive investment in comparison.

Option adjusted duration is a measure of the sensitivity of a bond's price to interest rate changes, assuming that the expected cash flows of the bond may change with interest rates.

Yield to worst is calculated by making worst-case scenario assumptions (excluding issuer default) on the bond by calculating the returns that would be received if provisions, including prepayment, call, put, and sinking fund, are used by the issuer. YTW may be the same as YTM, but never higher. YTW does not represent the performance yield for the Fund.

Taxable equivalent yield is the return that is required on a taxable investment to make it equal to the return on a tax-exempt investment.

Risk Considerations

Municipal securities are subject to credit/default risk and interest rate risk and may be more sensitive to adverse economic, business, political, environmental, or other developments if it invests a substantial portion of its assets in the bonds of similar projects or in particular types of municipal securities. While interest earned on municipal securities is generally not subject to federal tax, any interest earned on taxable municipal securities is fully taxable at the federal level and may be subject to tax at the state level.

When interest rates increase, fixed income securities will generally decline in value. Fluctuations in interest rates may also affect the yield and liquidity of fixed income securities.

High-yield, lower-rated securities involve greater price volatility and present greater credit risks than higher-rated fixed income securities.

Investments in fixed income securities are subject to the risks associated with debt securities generally, including credit, liquidity, interest rate, prepayment and extension risk. Bond prices fluctuate inversely to changes in interest rates. Therefore, a general rise in interest rates can result in the decline in the bond’s price.  The value of securities with variable and floating interest rates are generally less sensitive to interest rate changes than securities with fixed interest rates. Variable and floating rate securities may decline in value if interest rates do not move as expected. Conversely, variable and floating rate securities will not generally rise in value if market interest rates decline. Credit risk is the risk that an issuer will default on payments of interest and principal. Credit risk is higher when investing in high yield bonds, also known as junk bonds. Prepayment risk is the risk that the issuer of a security may pay off principal more quickly than originally anticipated. Extension risk is the risk that the issuer of a security may pay off principal more slowly than originally anticipated. All fixed income investments may be worth less than their original cost upon redemption or maturity.

General Disclosures

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Index Benchmarks

Indices are unmanaged. The figures for the index reflect the reinvestment of all income or dividends, as applicable, but do not reflect the deduction of any fees or expenses which would reduce returns. Investors cannot invest directly in indices.

References to indices, benchmarks or other measures of relative market performance over a specified period of time are provided for your information only and do not imply that the portfolio will achieve similar results. The index composition may not reflect the manner in which a portfolio is constructed. While an adviser seeks to design a portfolio which reflects appropriate risk and return features, portfolio characteristics may deviate from those of the benchmark.

The indices referenced herein have been selected because they are well known, easily recognized by investors, and reflect those indices that the Investment Manager believes, in part based on industry practice, provide a suitable benchmark against which to evaluate the investment or broader market described herein.

Portfolios and benchmarks are not rated by an independent ratings agency. Goldman Sachs Asset Management may receive credit quality ratings on the underlying securities of portfolios and their respective benchmarks from the three major rating agencies: Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s and Fitch. Goldman Sachs Asset Management calculates the credit quality breakdown and overall rating for both portfolios and their respective benchmarks according to the client’s preferred method or such other method as selected by Goldman Sachs Asset Management in its sole discretion. The applicable method may differ from the method independently used by benchmark providers. Securities that are not rated by all three agencies are reflected as such in the breakdown. For illustrative purposes, Goldman Sachs Asset Management converts all ratings to the equivalent S&P major rating category when reporting the credit rating breakdown. Ratings and portfolio credit quality may change over time. Unrated securities do not necessarily indicate low quality, and for such securities the investment adviser will evaluate the credit quality.

Municipal 3yr: Bloomberg Municipal 3 Year Index

The Bloomberg Municipal Bond Index is a rules-based, market-value-weighted index engineered for the long-term tax-exempt bond market. To be included in the index, bonds must be rated investment-grade (Baa3/BBB- or higher) by at least two of the following ratings agencies: Moody's, S&P, Fitch. If only two of the three agencies rate the security, the lower rating is used to determine index eligibility. If only one of the three agencies rates a security, the rating must be investment-grade. They must have an outstanding par value of at least $7 million and be issued as part of a transaction of at least $75 million. The bonds must be fixed rate, have a dated-date after December 31, 1990, and must be at least one year from their maturity date. Remarketed issues, taxable Municipal bonds, bonds with floating rates, and derivatives, are excluded from the benchmark. This index is the 3 Year (2-4) component of the Municipal Bond index.

Municipal 1-10yr Blend: Bloomberg Municipal 1-10 Yr Blend Index

The Bloomberg Municipal Bond 1-10 Year Blend Index is a market value-weighted index which covers the short and intermediate components of the Bloomberg Municipal Bond Index, an unmanaged, market value-weighted index which covers the U.S. investment-grade tax-exempt bond market. The Bloomberg Municipal Bond 1-10 Year Blend Index tracks tax-exempt Municipal General Obligation, Revenue, Insured, and Prerefunded bonds with a minimum $5 million par amount outstanding, issued as part of a transaction of at least $50 million, and with a remaining maturity from 1 up to (but not including) 12 years. The index includes reinvestment of income.

Municipal Aggregate: Bloomberg Aggregate Municipal Index

The Bloomberg Municipal Bond Index is a rules-based, market-value-weighted index engineered for the long-term tax-exempt bond market. To be included in the index, bonds must be rated investment-grade (Baa3/BBB- or higher) by at least two of the following ratings agencies: Moody's, S&P, Fitch. If only two of the three agencies rate the security, the lower rating is used to determine index eligibility. If only one of the three agencies rates a security, the rating must be investment- grade. They must have an outstanding par value of at least $7 million and be issued as part of a transaction of at least $75 million. The bonds must be fixed rate, have a dated-date after December 31, 1990, and must be at least one year from their maturity date. Remarketed issues, taxable Municipal bonds, bonds with floating rates, and derivatives, are excluded from the benchmark.

Municipal High Yield: Bloomberg High Yield Municipal Index

The Bloomberg Municipal High Yield Bond Index is an unmanaged index made up of bonds that are non-investment grade, unrated, or rated below Ba1 by Moody's Investors Service with a remaining maturity of at least one year. The Index figures do not include any deduction for fees, expenses or taxes. It is not possible to invest directly in an unmanaged index.